International trade risk refers to the huge economic losses suffered by import and export enterprises in international trade due to national policies or macroeconomic adjustments。Generally speaking, no matter which country the import and export country makes the major decision, it will bring the country risk to the enterprise in the international trade。In addition, the attitude of the customs, the state and other relevant departments to import and export commodities is also a key factor affecting the national risk。
There are three reasons for national risk: First, the objectives of trading countries and import and export enterprises are different。When the objectives conflict, these contradictions will lead to international trade risks;Second, when trading countries conduct international trade, some unexpected events may occur, such as inflation and government intervention。For example, A company inImport and export tradeThe most common problems encountered in China are the risk of tariff barriers and the risk of tariff barriers, among which the risk of tariff barriers is the largest, and has its own color of trade protection, providing many obstacles for enterprises to import and export business。In addition, economic risk, political risk and social risk are the focus of enterprises' international trade。
Exchange rate risk
Exchange rates between countries are not fixed, but change with changes in market demand。Therefore, if the exchange rate fluctuates frequently, it will bring exchange rate risk to the enterprise。In international trade, exchange rate risk mainly refers to the enterprises involved in trade activities. Due to the uncontrollability of exchange rate changes, it will bring certain losses to enterprises。Exchange rate risk is generally caused by the following three reasons: First, the exchange rate risk generated in the process of enterprise accounting is called valuation risk;The second is the exchange rate risk in the process of foreign exchange trading。For import and export enterprises, exchange rate risk occurs in the process of trade settlement。Businesses at transaction settlement risk use foreign currency pricing for their trading activities, including services and products。
Contract risk
There are many reasons for contract risk, among which the most typical reason is the contract itself or the defect of the contract itself, which has a certain impact on import and export enterprises。The contract risks of import and export enterprises are mainly divided into two categories: contract terms and trade subjects。For example, in 2020, Enterprise A signed a contract with a company in Bangkok through an agent in Hong Kong and Macao。After receiving the goods, A company found that the quality of the products was not consistent with the samples。When they were ready to return the goods, they found that the agent had fled with 80% of the payment。In 2021, Enterprise A intended to use A letter of credit to settle the payment for goods, but in December 2021, A rare blood case occurred in Enterprise A, resulting in the arrival of the goods took longer than expected。The company requested to extend the shipment and validity period, but the other party demanded A 20% price reduction on the grounds that the product missed the sales season, which seriously affected the economic interests of enterprise A。